File permissions
What numbers like 644 and 755 mean, which values are usual and how to change them.
Permissions determine who may read, change and execute a file or folder. They are shown as a three-digit number (e.g. 644), where the digits stand for the owner, the group and others in turn.
| Digit | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 4 | read |
| 2 | write |
| 1 | execute |
A digit is a sum: 6 = 4 + 2 (read and write), 5 = 4 + 1, 7 = 4 + 2 + 1.
Usual values#
- Files:
644(the owner reads and writes, others only read). - Folders:
755. - If an application shows different requirements during setup, follow them.
Changing in File Manager#
- In File Manager right-click a file or folder → Permissions.
- Tick the required boxes or enter the number.
- Click Change Permissions.
Changing in FileZilla#
Right-click → File permissions…, enter the Numeric value (e.g. 644). For folders also tick Recurse into subdirectories only if you are sure what you are doing.
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